Paediatric Neurology
| Paroxysmal events | |||||
| Know the important non-epileptic paroxysmal phenomena in neonates, infants, young children, older children and adolescents | The diagnosis of vasovagal syncope | ||||
| Know the motor and autonomic phenomena that can occur as part of syncope | |||||
| Understand the limitations of EEG in relation to establishing a diagnosis of epilepsy. | |||||
| Be able to interpret video and video-EEG recordings of paroxysmal events | |||||
| Be able to recognise a non-epileptic attack disorder |
Differential Diagnosis of Blackouts and Epilepsy |
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| Be able to recognise cardiac causes of paroxysmal events | |||||
| Be able to initiate appropriate treatment for severe syncope and reflex asystolic syncope | The Diagnosis of Vasovagal Syncope | ||||
| Be able to organise a programme of investigation that may differentiate between these causes |
Assessment of Patients Presenting with Blackouts |
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| Be able to explain the concept of non-epileptic attack disorder to child and family in a beneficial and therapeutic manner | The Diagnosis of Non-epileptic Seizures | ||||
| Acute and / or continuing seizures | |||||
| Understand the role of the EEG in syndromic diagnosis of epilepsy |
Epileptic Seizures and Syndromes in Neonates and Infants |
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| Know the approaches to the management of sub-clinical ( non-convulsive ) status epilepticus | Non-convulsive Status Epilepticus | ||||
| Know the mechanisms of morbidity and mortality due to convulsive status epilepticus and its treatment | Convulsive Status Epilepticus | ||||
| Be able to formulate the syndromic diagnosis of important childhood epilepsies |
Diagnosis of Frontal Lobe Epilepsy Diagnosis of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) Epileptic Seizures and Syndromes in Neonates and Infants Occipital and Parietal Lobe Epilepsies Other Childhood Epilepsy Syndromes |
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| Be able to lead early treatment for acute continuing seizures | |||||
| Be able to lead ICU management of convulsive and non-convulsive status epilepticus in conjunction with ICU staff | |||||
| Acute encephalopathy | |||||
| Know the causes of encephalopathy in all age groups including neonates |
Common Neurological Symptoms: Delirium Inflicted Head Injury in Childhood - Non-accidental Causes and Clinical Assessment of Coma |
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| Know the role of neurosurgical interventions in the management of raised intracranial pressure in traumatic and non-traumatic encephalopathy |
Early Phase Care of the Moderate and Severely Head Injured Patient |
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| Know the clinical, neuro-physiological and neuro-radiological indicator of prognosis after acquired brain injury | |||||
| Be able to determine conscious level of and the need for ICU support including indications for ventilation |
Early Phase Care of the Moderate and Severely Head Injured Patient |
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| Be able to lead investigation for causes of acute non-traumatic encephalopathy in all age groups including neonates |
Common Neurological Symptoms: Delirium Inflicted Head Injury in Childhood - Non-accidental |
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| Recognise brain herniation syndromes |
Early Phase Care of the Moderate and Severely Head Injured Patient |
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| Liaise in the management of raised intracranial pressure with neurosurgical and ICU staff |
Early Phase Care of the Moderate and Severely Head Injured Patient Management of the Head-Injured Patient Neurointensive Care ICU Management of TBI |
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| Be able to perform brainstem death function tests | |||||
| Acute headache | |||||
| Be able to formulate a diagnosis of acute onset ( single episode ) headache | |||||
| Be able to lead investigation of a child with acute headache | Low CSF Pressure Headache | ||||
| Recognise acute headache due to raised intracranial pressure and be able to investigate and manage appropriately in conjunction with specialists from other disciplines as appropriate |
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Papilloedema and Related Optic Disc Disorders Diagnostic Imaging in Brain Tumours Assessment of the Patient with a Brain Tumour Clinical Presentation of Patients with Brain Tumours CNS tumours – Basic Histology and the WHO Grading System 559, 560, 570, 571, 572, 573 |
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| Acute onset focal neurological signs | |||||
| Know the investigation for causes of acute ischaemic or haemorrhagic |
Transient Ischaemic Attack: Clinical Features, Referral Pathway and Investigation A Structured Approach to the Investigation and Evaluation of the Cause of Stroke Ischaemic Stroke - Carotid and Vertebral Artery Dissection The Diagnosis and Management of Spontaneous Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Infantile Intraventricular Haemorrhage Management of Vein of Galen Malformation |
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| Know the risk factors for stroke recurrence |
Secondary Prevention of Stroke Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms |
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| Know the indications for anticoagulation in acute cerebrovascular disease | |||||
| Be able to locate the site of an acute neurological event by examination findings |
Transient Ischaemic Attack: Clinical Features, Referral Pathway and Investigation |
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| Know and be able to interpret neuroradiological findings in the light of this knowledge be able for formulate a differentia diagnosis for the cause of acute onset focal neurological signs based on history and other clinical data |
Basic Principles of CT Interpretation for Acute Stroke Ischaemic Stroke - Carotid and Vertebral Artery Dissection Occlusion Challenges and Revascularisation Methods Management of Vein of Galen Malformation |
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| Be able to interpret imaging data ( with neuro-radiology colleagues ) to formulate cause of acute neurological event |
Basic Principles of CT Interpretation for Acute Stroke Ischaemic Stroke - Carotid and Vertebral Artery Dissection Occlusion Challenges and Revascularisation Methods Management of Vein of Galen Malformation |
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| Ataxia ( see also outpatient presentations ) | |||||
| Know the differential diagnosis of acute and chronic, progressive and non-progressive ataxia |
Acquired Cerebellar and Spinocerebellar Ataxias Drug-induced Movement Disorders Diagnostic Imaging in Brain Tumours Assessment of the Patient with a Brain Tumour Clinical Presentation of Patients with Brain Tumours CNS tumours – Basic Histology and the WHO Grading System 562, 571 |
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| Be able to distinguish cerebellar, sensory and mixed ataxias |
Acquired Cerebellar and Spinocerebellar Ataxias Features, Causes and Treatment of Cerebellar Tremor and Ataxia |
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| Be able to investigate acute onset ataxia | Acquired Cerebellar and Spinocerebellar Ataxias | ||||
| Abnormal movements | |||||
| Know the differential diagnosis of acute and chronic, progressive and non-progressive movement disorders |
Diagnosis and Treatment of Essential Tremor Drug-induced Movement Disorders Dystonia: Classification and Genetics Dystonias: Secondary Causes and Investigations |
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| Know the symptomatic drug treats for chorea, dystonia and myoclonus | Myoclonus | ||||
| Understand the need for cardiac assessment in Sydenham's chorea | |||||
| Be able to differentiate accurately movement disorder phenotypes including myoclonus, chorea and dystonia |
Classification and Epidemiology of Movement Disorders Dystonia: Classification and Genetics Dystonias: Secondary Causes and Investigations |
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| Acute confusional state | |||||
| Know the differential diagnosis of acute confusional states | Common Neurological Symptoms: Delirium | ||||
| Be able to differentiate between an acute confusional state and reduced consciousness and psychosis |
Common Neurological Symptoms: Delirium |
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| Acute weakness | |||||
| Know the therapies for severe acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy ( AIDP and CIDP ) | Acquired Peripheral Neuropathies | ||||
| Know the principles of supportive and rehabilitative care with particular reference to paraplegia and peripheral weakness and during ICU care | |||||
| Be able to distinguish neuropathic and myopathis causes of acute weakness |
Acquired Peripheral Neuropathies Clinical Neurophysiology of Muscle and NMJ Disorders |
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| Be able to distinguish peripheral and cord causes of acute onset weakness including the recognition of acute paraplegia |
Acquired Peripheral Neuropathies Clinical Neurophysiology of Muscle and NMJ Disorders Neuromyelitis Optica (Devic's Disease) Transverse Myelitis: Causes, Assessment and Management 552, 556 |
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| Recognise the clinical features of AIDP and CIDP | Acquired Peripheral Neuropathies | ||||
| Be able to assess the adequacy of bulbar and respiratory function | |||||
| Be able to manage the autonomic complications of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy | |||||
| Meningism and altered consciousness | |||||
| Know the important infectious causes of meningitis and encephalitis in different clinical settings including neonates and the immunocompromised host |
Introduction to Neurological Infectious Diseases Acute Pneumococcal and Meningococcal Meningitis Diagnosing and Managing Patients with Tubercular Meningitis Listeria Monocytogenes Meningitis Nervous System Manifestations of Varicella Zoster Infection Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis 555, 570 |
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| Know the considerations in relation to antibiotic selection and steroid use |
Acute Pneumococcal and Meningococcal Meningitis Diagnosing and Managing Patients with Tubercular Meningitis Listeria Monocytogenes Meningitis Nervous System Manifestations of Varicella Zoster Infection |
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| Know the clinical and radiological features of post-infectious processes, for example acute disseminated encephalo-myelitis |
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) |
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| Be able to recognise common complications of CNS infection including abscess and subdural collection |
The Diagnosis and Management of Brain Abscesses |
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| Trauma to central and peripheral nervous system ( see also Acute Encephalopathy above ) | |||||
| Know the typical patterns of recovery of awareness from acquired brain injury | |||||
| Understand principles of goal-orientated interdisciplinary team working | |||||
| Know the medical complications seen in the early phase of recovery after acquired brain injury |
Cerebral Protection Strategies in Head Injury Nutrition and Fluid Balance in the Head Injured Patient Complications of Head Injury - Cranial Nerve and Vascular Complications Complications of Head Injury: Hydrocephalus, Seizures and Pituitary Dysfunction Complications of Head Injury: CSF Leak and Intracranial Infection Neurological Complications of Critical Illness 625 |
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| Recognise peripheral neurological trauma to brachial and lumbar plexus alone and in combination with CNS trauma | |||||
| Be able to recognise low level states of consciousness |
The Assessment of Patients in Coma Causes and Clinical Assessment of Coma 632, 633 |
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| Be able to work with the multi-disciplinary team (MDT) to characterise accurately low-awareness states | |||||
| Be able to work effectively with the multi-disciplinary team to manage early postural and other complications of acquired brain injury |
Neuropsychology and Head Injury 637, 639, 642, 643, 647 |
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| Be able to work with educational and other agencies in longer term advocacy for children after acquired brain injury | 554 | ||||
| Eye movement abnormalities and visual field defects | |||||
| Know the localising value of eye movement abnormalities and visual field defects |
The Assessment of Patients in Coma Raised ICP, Herniation and Management |
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| Be able to recognise and distinguish paralytic and non-paralytic squint, oculomotor apraxia, opsoclonus and nystagmus | Assessment of Double Vision | ||||
| Be able to investigate causes of abnormal eye movements and visual field defects appropriately |
Orbital and Cavernous Sinus Disorders 559 |
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| Be able to distinguish supra-nuclear, cranial nerve, and mechanical causes of restricted eye movement | |||||
| Cranial nerve signs | |||||
| Be able to formulate a differential diagnosis for a child presenting with cranial nerve signs |
Retinal Disorders in Neurological Disease Imaging Features of Pineal Region Tumours Assessment of the Patient with a Brain Tumour CNS tumours – Basic Histology and the WHO Grading System 558, 570 |
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| Illness in a child with complex disabilities | |||||
| Know the approaches to symptomatic and palliative management of severe spasticity and dystonia, and of respiratory symptoms in a child with complex disabilities | |||||
| Know the issues relating to the use of intensive care for children with complex disabilities | |||||
| Be able to initiate treatment for symptomatic and palliative management of severe spasticity and dystonia in child with complex disability | |||||
| Be able to discuss with family and professional colleagues issues relating to the use of intensive care for children with complex disabilities | |||||
| Neural tube defects and other congenital anomalies | |||||
| Know about common associated features of neural tube defects and their management ( including hydrocephalus, Chiari malformations ) | 605, 611, 612 | ||||
| Know about sphincter management in neural tube defects |
Investigation and Management of Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction |
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| Be able to advise on likely function and levels of disability based on level of defect and examination findings. |
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Community and Outpatient presentations
| Headache | |||||
| Know the investigation and management options for idiopathic intracranial hypertension ( \"pseudo-tumour cerebri\" ) | |||||
| Know the approaches ( including psychological ) to the management of chronic daily headache | Headache in Children and Adolescents | ||||
| Be able to recognise fundoscopic signs of raised intracranial pressure ( including venous pulsation ) | |||||
| Be able to recognise headache caused by chronic analgestic use | Diagnosis and Treatment of Episodic Tension-Type Headache | ||||
| Be able to formulate a clinical diagnosis of headache due to raised intracranial pressure |
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Papilloedema and Related Optic Disc Disorders Diagnostic Imaging in Brain Tumours 562, 570, 571, 572, 573 |
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| Be able to make a clinical diagnosis of common and classic migraine, tension and mixed tension-migraine headaches | Headache in Children and Adolescents | ||||
| Epilepsy | |||||
| Know the interactions between epilepsy and its treatment and other impairments in children with epilepsy and complex neurodisability (\"epilepsy plus\") |
Epilepsy and Learning Disability Other Childhood Epilepsy Syndromes Palliative Surgical Treatments for Epilepsy |
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| Be able to formulate a syndromic diagnosis of epilepsy |
Diagnosis of Frontal Lobe Epilepsy Diagnosis of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) Epileptic Seizures and Syndromes in Neonates and Infants Occipital and Parietal Lobe Epilepsies |
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| Be able to advise parents about education and safety including the prevention of accidental and sudden expected death | Social Consequences of Epilepsy | ||||
| Be able to work effectively with educational, mental health and other services to mitigate behavioural, cognitive and social consequences of severe epilepsy (\"axis 5\") | Social Consequences of Epilepsy | ||||
| Neuro-developmental regression | |||||
| Know the presentations, differential diagnosis and investigations of common neurodegenerative conditions, including metabolic, mitochondrial and neurotransmitter disorders | Vascular Cognitive Impairment: Rare and Unusual Causes | ||||
| Be able to recognise regression of developmental skills | |||||
| Be able to demonstrate a systematic and logical approach to the investigation of neuro-developmental regression guided by age, ethnicity and other clinical features | |||||
| Isolated motor delay | |||||
| Know the common presentations, investigations and differential diagnosis of peripheral neuromuscular disease |
Clinical Introduction to Muscle Diseases Clinical Neurophysiology of Muscle and NMJ Disorders Neuromuscular Junction Disorders |
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| Know about seating, splinting, aid and appliance issues in relation to neuromuscular disease | |||||
| Recognise early presentation of muscular dystrophy | |||||
| Be able to manage postural, cardiac and respiratory complications of common neuromuscular diseases | |||||
| Isolated language delay | |||||
| Be familiar with instrumental and techniques used by speech/language therapists in the assessment of developmental language delay | |||||
| Know the risk factors for sensorineural hearing impairment and principles of hearing testing at various ages | |||||
| Know about the particular considerations relevant to acquired aphasias compared to developmental language delay | |||||
| Be able to describe the nature of language delay and distinguish expressive from receptive disorders, and identify language delay as part of pervasive developmental delay | |||||
| Be able to distinguish simple phonological delay from more significant disorders | |||||
| Pervasive developmental delay | |||||
| Be familiar with diagnostic / assessment instruments for autistic spectrum disorders | |||||
| Know about relationships between pervasive developmental disorders and epilepsy including Landau-Kleffner syndrome | |||||
| Be able to investigate selectively and appropriately a child with autistic spectrum disorder for primary neurological causes. | |||||
| Global developmental delay | |||||
| Know the indications for radiological, simply and complex genetic and other investigations of the child with global developmental delay | |||||
| Know the causes, types and definitions of cerebral palsy | |||||
| Know about common neurogenetic syndromes | |||||
| Know about the approaches to the management of posture and feeding | |||||
| Know about the means of assessing and augmenting communicative ability in children with multiple disabilities, including recognition of low level states in the context of acquired brain injury | |||||
| Be able to manage common medical complications in children with chronic disability | |||||
| Be able to initiate appropriate treatment for severe syncope and reflex asystolic syncope | |||||
| Be able to organise a programme of investigation that may differentiate between these causes | |||||
| Be able to explain the concept of non-epileptic attack disorder to child and family in a beneficial and therapeutic manner | |||||
| School failure | |||||
| Know the likely cause of emerging educational difficulty including unrecognised prior learning difficulties, prior acquired brain injury, unrecognised medical conditions | |||||
| Be aware of the role of neuropsychological assessment | |||||
| Have developed a systematic approach to the assessment of a child with school failure | |||||
| Ataxia ( see also acute presentations ) | |||||
| Be able to investigate chronic and chronic progressive ataxia |
Acquired Cerebellar and Spinocerebellar Ataxias Features, Causes and Treatment of Cerebellar Tremor and Ataxia Diagnostic Imaging in Brain Tumours Assessment of the Patient with a Brain Tumour Clinical Presentation of Patients with Brain Tumours CNS tumours – Basic Histology and the WHO Grading System 571 |
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| Floppy infant | |||||
| Know the genetic and electrophysiological investigation of spinal muscular atrophies, congential muscular and myotonic distrophies |
Clinical Introduction to Muscle Diseases |
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| Be able to distinguish central hypotonia from hypotonia associated with weakness of peripheral cause | |||||
| Be able to initiate an appropriate investigation plan for a child with central hypotonia ( including metabolic, genetic and radiological investigations ) | |||||
| Gait abnormalities | |||||
| Know the indications for gait analysis | 623 | ||||
| Be able to describe the neurological basis of a gait abnormality and investigate appropriately | 623 | ||||
| Abnormal head size and shape | |||||
| Be able to distinguish postural plagiocephaly from craniosynostosis | |||||
| Recognise clinical and radiological features of decompensated hydrocephalus | 605, 606 | ||||
| Be familiar with neurosurgical approaches to hydrocephalus and relative indications | 606 | ||||
| Recognise shunt infection and obstruction | |||||
| Behaviour and conduct disorders | |||||
| Know the potential, contribution of unrecognised learning, attentional or medical difficulties to behaviour and conduct disorders | |||||
| Be able to assess and refer appropriately for neuropsychological or other investigation | |||||
| Chronic ataxia | |||||
| Know about medical complications of ataxia telangectasia, Friedreich ataxia and other conditions | |||||
| Movement disorders | |||||
| Know the differential diagnosis associated with dystonic, myoclonic and other movement disorders by age group |
Diagnosis and Treatment of Essential Tremor Drug-induced Movement Disorders Dystonia: Classification and Genetics Dystonias: Secondary Causes and Investigations |
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| Be familiar with the neuroradiological findings of common movement disorders know about the investigation and management of Wilson disease and DOPA-responsive dystonia | |||||
| Be able to describe the phenotype of abnormal movement |
Classification and Epidemiology of Movement Disorders Diagnosis and Treatment of Essential Tremor |
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| Be able to suggest appropriate symptomatic treatments for extrapyramidal and other movement disorders |
Features, Causes and Treatment of Cerebellar Tremor and Ataxia Tourette's Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders Tremor: Classification and Management 637, 639 |
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| Medically unexplained symptoms | |||||
| Be able to help families recognise the impairment resulting from medically unexplained symptoms and help them engage with CAMHS services for a range of treatment inputs | |||||
| Be able to recognise non-organic symptoms including apparent sensory and motor symptoms and seizures | |||||
| Be able to introduce the child and family to the concept of medically unexplained symptoms in a manner appropriate to the individual case that promotes recovery | |||||
| Sleep disorders | |||||
| Know the differential diagnosis of disorders of sleep in childhood | |||||
| Know the investigative techniques suitable for the evaluation of sleep disorders in childhood | EEG in Sleep Disorders and the MSLT | ||||
| Be able to evaluate a history of disordered sleep and reach an appropriate diagnosis | |||||
| Be able to advise and / or inform the family of the nature of sleep disorder and initiate treatment if necessary | Narcolepsy | ||||
| Neuro-cutaneous syndromes | |||||
| Be familiar with recommended monitoring protocols for the prevention of common complications of neurocutaneous syndromes | |||||
| Chronic sensory symptoms including chronic pain | |||||
| Know the differential diagnosis of chronic sensory symptoms and chronic pain |
Heredo-Familial Optic Neuropathies Retinal Disorders in Neurological Disease Central Causes of Vestibular Disturbance Diagnostic Approach to Dizziness and Vertigo |
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| Be able to investigate and manage chronic pain and chronic sensory symptoms appropriately |
Heredo-Familial Optic Neuropathies Toxic Nutritional Optic Neuropathy Retinal Disorders in Neurological Disease Anatomy and Pathophysiology of Dizziness and Vertigo Central Causes of Vestibular Disturbance Diagnostic Approach to Dizziness and Vertigo Peripheral Causes of Vestibular Disorders and Sensory Mismatch Type Syndromes |
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| Child Psychiatry | |||||
| Demonstrate a high level of skill in engaging with children, adolescents and parents, including \"hard to reach\" children and families | |||||
| Be able to complete a mental state examination and to assess the mental health problems of a child or young person | |||||
| Demonstrate developing skills in reaching a psychiatric formulation | |||||
| Demonstrate developing skills in judging the severity of emotional and behavioural difficulties and their impact on children and families | |||||
| Demonstrate an understanding of the ways in which emotional, behavioural and developmental problems can result from physical disorders and demonstrate appropriate thresholds for involvement of CAMHS professionals for advice or direct assessment | |||||
| Demonstrate an understanding of the roles and potential contributions of members of the multidisciplinary CAMHS team | |||||
| Be familiar with psycho-pharmacology for child and adolescent mental health problems | |||||
| Be familiar with the theoretical bases, principles and indications of the major models of psychological treatment | |||||
| Know the use and limitations of questionnaire measures in child and adolescent mental health, including disorder-specific and more global functioning measures | |||||
| Be able to assess patients presenting with a range of psychiatric symptoms and complete a mental state examination | |||||
| Be able to assess and manage acute and chronic presentations of mental health conditions | |||||
| Know when to seek advice from the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in a timely fashion | |||||
| Know the epidemiology, aetiology and co-morbidities of a range of child psychiatric conditions | |||||
| Know the indications for a range of therapies and medication for childhood psychiatric conditions | |||||
| Know about resources for families and professionals relevant to children with a range of psychiatric disorders | |||||
| Acute agitation or confusion | |||||
| Know the drugs that can cause behavioural or psychiatric symptoms | |||||
| Be able to distinguish acute confusional state from other forms of behavioural disturbance | Common Neurological Symptoms: Delirium | ||||
| Be able to assess orientation and complete a mental state examination | Common Neurological Symptoms: Delirium | ||||
| Psychotic disorders | |||||
| Know the risk factors for psychotic illnesses arriving de novo or as part of other organic illnesses | |||||
| Be able to assess possible psychotic symptoms | |||||
| Communication and socialisation disorders | |||||
| Act as an advocate for the educational needs for children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) | |||||
| Major affective disorder | |||||
| Know the indications for psychotropic medications | |||||
| Know the indications for psychological therapy | |||||
| Attention deficit disorder | |||||
| Know the indications for and potential complications of stimulant therapy | |||||
| Seizures | |||||
| Know the psychotropic effects and behavioural side effects of anticonvulsant medication | Memory and Epilepsy | ||||
| Be able to draw up a formulation that incorporates the epileptic, organic and psychosocial factors that underlie problem behaviours encountered in children with complex epilepsy | |||||
| Be able to draw up a formulation of the predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating factors in a child with non-epileptic attack disorder (NEAD; \"pseudo-seizures\") | |||||
| Medically unexplained physical symptoms | |||||
| Know how to evaluate presentations of a medically unexplained physical symptoms, the major categories and their associations | |||||
| Be able to communicate the psychiatric formulation of the child's illness to the child, parents, ward staff or community paediatric team | |||||
| Be able to engage families with appropriate interventions | |||||
| Adult Neurology | |||||
| Be able to perform and interpret a full clinical examination of an adult neurological patient |
Neurological Examination: Cranial Nerves Neurological Examination: Visual Function Neurological Examination: Gait The Mental Status Examination in Neurology Neurological Examination: Speech Principles of Neurological Investigation Lumbar Puncture and Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurological History: A General Approach and Common Pitfalls Neurological Assessment – Movement Disorders An Approach to the Cognitively-impaired Adult Neurological Assessment: Weakness and Sensory Loss Common Neurological Symptoms - Language Problems Common Neurological Symptoms: Behavioural and Organic Mental Symptoms Common Neurological Symptoms Muscle Twitching Common Neurological Symptoms: Delirium 622 |
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| Know about services for adults with physical and learning difficulties and chronic neurological diseases | |||||
| Know about the processes of rehabilitative and other care for adults with long-term disabilities and be able to compare and contrast these approaches with those for children |
Neuropsychology and Head Injury 626. 627, 628, 629, 634, 635, 637, 638, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649 |
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| Acute stroke in adults | |||||
| Know the differential diagnosis of stroke, including venous infarction |
Ischaemic Stroke - Carotid and Vertebral Artery Dissection Aetiology and Pathophysiology of Spontaneous Intracerebral Haemorrhage Aetiology and Pathophysiology of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage The Diagnosis and Management of Spontaneous Subarachnoid Haemorrhage |
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| Know the role and limitations of imaging investigations in the diagnosis of acute stroke | |||||
| Know the aetiology and investigation of acute stroke in young and older adults |
Transient Ischaemic Attack: Clinical Features, Referral Pathway and Investigation Aetiology and Pathophysiology of Spontaneous Intracerebral Haemorrhage Aetiology and Pathophysiology of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage The Diagnosis and Management of Spontaneous Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Occlusion Challenges and Revascularisation Methods Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms |
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| Understand secondary prevention of stroke | Secondary Prevention of Stroke | ||||
| Understand the principles of anti-platelet, anti-coagulant therapy in Transient ischaemic attack (TIA)/acute stroke | |||||
| Know the indications for thrombolytic treatment of acute stroke in adults | |||||
| Be able to diagnose the important anterior and posterior circulation TIA and stroke syndromes |
Transient Ischaemic Attack: Clinical Features, Referral Pathway and Investigation Stroke - Clinical Features and Classification A Structured Approach to the Investigation and Evaluation of the Cause of Stroke |
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| Be able to recognise basic anatomical features of normal digital four-vessel and MR angiogram studies |
Neuroradiological Interventions in Carotid or Vertebral Artery Stenosis Ischaemic Stroke - Carotid and Vertebral Artery Dissection |
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| Seizures | |||||
| Know the differential diagnosis of paroxysmal episodes in adults incliding syncope and non-epileptic attack disorder |
Differential Diagnosis of Blackouts and Epilepsy The Diagnosis of Non-epileptic Seizures |
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| Know and understand the long-term natural history ( into adulthood ) of epilepsy syndromes presenting in childhood | |||||
| Know the aetiologies of seizure disorders presenting in adulthood |
Assessment and Treatment of Refractory Epilepsy Management of Epilepsy in the Elderly |
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| Be able to diagnose the common partial ( simply and complex ) and generalised epilepsy syndromes |
Diagnosis of Frontal Lobe Epilepsy Diagnosis of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) |
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| Be able to initiate appropriate investigations and treatment of epilepsy in adults, including status epilepticus |
Assessment and Treatment of Refractory Epilepsy Brain Imaging in Seizures and Epilepsy Choosing Antiepileptic Drugs for Focal Epilepsy Choosing Antiepileptic Drugs for Generalised Epilepsy Interactions of Antiepileptic Drugs Non-convulsive Status Epilepticus Palliative Surgical Treatments for Epilepsy |
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| Be able to advise on seizure treatment and anticonvulsants selection in pregnancy and for women of child bearing potential | |||||
| Headache | |||||
| Know about the headaches/facial pain syndromes |
Differential Diagnosis of Headache Diagnosis and Treatment of Migraine Cluster headache Acute and Prophylactic Treatments Diagnosis and Treatment of Cranial Arteritis Diagnosis and Treatment of Episodic Tension-Type Headache Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Diagnosis and Management of Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias |
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| Demyelinating disease | |||||
| Know the differential diagnosis of Miltiple Sclerosis (MS), including Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) |
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) Multiple Sclerosis - Assessment and Diagnosis Neurological Manifestations of Lupus and the Antiphospholipid Syndrome Neuromyelitis Optica (Devic's Disease) Rheumatoid, Sjögren's and Other Autoimmune Disorders Affecting the CNS |
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| Know the role of steroids, symptomatic therapies and disease modifying therapies | |||||
| Be able to diagnose relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis. |
Multiple Sclerosis - Assessment and Diagnosis |
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| Recognise typical magnetic resonance (MR) appearances of multiple sclerosis and differential diagnosis.
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Multiple Sclerosis - Assessment and Diagnosis Neurological Manifestations of Lupus and the Antiphospholipid Syndrome Neuromyelitis Optica (Devic's Disease) Rheumatoid, Sjögren's and Other Autoimmune Disorders Affecting the CNS |
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| Be able to initiate appropriate steroid treatment in an acute relapse of MS | |||||
| Weakness | |||||
| Know the use of cholinesterase inhibitors, thymectomy and immunological treatment of myasthenia gravis | |||||
| Be able to diagnose and manage acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies (AIDP, CISP) | |||||
| Be able to diagnose and treat inherited and acquired muscle disease |
Acquired Peripheral Neuropathies Clinical Introduction to Muscle Diseases |
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| Be able to distinguish confidently between upper motor neurone (UMN) and lower motor neurone (LMN) patterns of limb weakness | |||||
| Recognise the presence and significance of mixed UMN and LMN signs | |||||
| Recognise apparent weakness due to ataxia | |||||
| Recognise and localise lesions to the cerebral hemispheres, brainstem or spinal cord ( including cord compression and syrinx) | |||||
| Recognise and localise disorders of root / plexus and peripheral nerves ( including entrapment neuropathies ) | |||||
| Be able to plan the appropriate investigation of a patient presenting with weakness |
Common Neurological Symptoms Muscle Twitching Clinical Introduction to Muscle Diseases Clinical Neurophysiology of Muscle and NMJ Disorders Neuromuscular Junction Disorders |
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| Movement disorder | |||||
| Know the pharmacological treatment of Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders |
Parkinson's Disease: Management of Motor Symptoms |
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| Be able to investigate movement disorders |
Neurological Assessment – Movement Disorders Dystonia: Classification and Genetics Dystonias: Secondary Causes and Investigations |
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| To able to identify correctly dystonic, myoclonic and choreiform movement disorder phenotypes |
Neurological Assessment – Movement Disorders Classification and Epidemiology of Movement Disorders Diagnosis and Treatment of Essential Tremor Features, Causes and Treatment of Cerebellar Tremor and Ataxia |
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| Recognise the clinical features of idiopathic Parkinson, Juvenile Huntingdon and Wilson diseases |
Neurological Assessment – Movement Disorders Features and Treatment of Parkinsonian Tremor Parkinson's Disease: Management of Motor Symptoms |
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| Cognitive deficits | |||||
| Know the major aetiologies and presentations of dementia |
Degenerative Dementias: Current Concepts and Overview Prion Disease: Epidemiology and Clinical Aspect Prion Disease: Pathogenesis and Genetics |
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| Be aware of assessment instruments ( for example Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination ) and of the indications for referral for formal neuropsychometric assessment | |||||
| Know and understand the localising value of focal cognitive deficits | |||||
| Be able to assess a person reporting cognitive difficulties based on clinical assessment of the patient and informant interview | The Mental Status Examination in Neurology | ||||
| Be able to perform a qualitative and quantitative mini mental state examination. MMSE | The Mental Status Examination in Neurology | ||||
| Recognise and assess the contribution of effective states ( especially depression) to cognitive impairment | Degenerative Dementias: Current Concepts and Overview | ||||
| Neurodegenerative disease | |||||
| Know the differential diagnosis of psychomotor regression presenting in adolescence | Young Onset and Treatable Dementia | ||||
| Paraneoplastic disease | |||||
| Know and understand adult paraneoplastic syndromes including ataxias, neuropathies, ganglionopathies, and myopathies |
Acquired Cerebellar and Spinocerebellar Ataxias Acquired Peripheral Neuropathies Neuromuscular Junction Disorders 566 |
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| Neurometabolic disease | |||||
| Be able to recognise adult presentations of mitochondrial and metabolic disease |
Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Multiple Sclerosis and White Matter Disorders |